With the arrival of summer, livestock producers must turn their attention to protecting their animals from the effects of rising temperatures. Cattle that are not fully acclimated to the heat can experience significant stress, which can impact their health and productivity. Understanding how to manage and prevent heat stress is crucial for the well-being of herds.
Cattle naturally dissipate excess body heat by panting, a process that relies on the evaporation of moisture from their respiratory tract. However, when environmental temperatures are high, this natural cooling mechanism may not be enough. According to Alfredo DiCostanzo of the University of Nebraska Extension, the goal of heat stress management is to enhance “sensible heat loss.” This process involves exchanging an animal’s internal body heat with the cooler external air. When the air is also hot, this exchange is minimal, and the heat remains trapped in the animal’s body.
“What we as managers are trying to do is enhance the exchange on that very tiny little molecule of air,” DiCostanzo explains, emphasizing the need to create conditions that facilitate this transfer of heat.
Effective Heat Stress Management Strategies:
- Provide Ample Shade: One of the most effective tools for producers, especially those with open feedlots, is providing shade. Well-designed shade structures are essential.
- Utilize Wind: The cooling effect of wind is beneficial for cattle in open lots. Proper air movement helps with heat dissipation.
- Use Sprinklers with Caution: While sprinklers can wet the coats of cattle to aid in cooling, their effectiveness is highly dependent on air movement. Without sufficient wind, sprinklers can increase humidity and potentially worsen conditions for the animals.
Building Effective Shade Structures
When building shade, producers should consider several factors to maximize effectiveness:
- Thermal Properties: Use shade materials with efficient thermal properties that block solar radiation.
- Sturdy Ground Cover: Ensure the area beneath the shade is stable and suitable for cattle.
- Proper Ventilation: Good airflow is crucial in preventing heat from accumulating under the structure.
- Sufficient Height: A height of at least 12 feet is recommended to minimize direct exposure to solar radiation and enhance air circulation within the shelter.
By implementing these strategies, livestock owners can help their cattle better manage their body temperatures and mitigate the negative impacts of heat stress during the hot summer months.
For more detailed information on managing heat stress in cattle, producers can visit the Oklahoma State University Extension website at extension.okstate.edu.
