The horse’s digestive system is designed for nearly continuous forage intake, making feeding management one of the most important factors in maintaining digestive health. Colic and other digestive disorders remain common problems in horses, but many can be prevented with sound feeding practices.
A good feeding program starts with high-quality forage. Horses typically consume about 2% of their body weight in dry matter each day, and adequate forage helps support both digestive function and mental well-being. Because horses naturally spend 16 to 18 hours grazing, maximizing eating time through frequent forage access, slow feeders, or multiple feeding locations can reduce the risk of ulcers and stereotypic behaviors.
Consistency is also important. Sudden diet changes can disrupt the microbial population in the hindgut and increase the risk of digestive upset, colic, and laminitis. Whether introducing new hay, grain, or spring pasture, make all feed changes gradually.
When additional calories are needed, concentrate meals should be limited to no more than five pounds per feeding. Highly digestible fiber sources such as beet pulp and citrus pulp, along with fat sources like rice bran, can provide additional energy while reducing digestive risk.
Finally, do not overlook water. Most horses consume at least 10 gallons of water daily, and adequate water intake is essential for normal digestive function. During winter, ensure water remains available and unfrozen to help reduce the risk of impaction colic.
Key Take-Home Messages
- Provide adequate amounts of high-quality forage.
- Aim for approximately 2% of body weight in dry matter intake daily.
- Maximize the amount of time horses spend eating.
- Make all feed changes gradually.
- Limit concentrate meals to no more than 5 pounds at one feeding.
- Consider highly digestible fiber and fat sources when additional calories are needed.
- Ensure horses have access to clean, fresh water at all times.
This simple approach to feeding can go a long way toward supporting digestive health and overall well-being in horses.
article from OSU Equine Newsletter
